One-piece electrical fitting for snap connection

ABSTRACT

A one-piece electrical fitting for connecting an electrical cable to a junction box, the electrical fitting formed from a single, flat blank of metal into a cylindrical connector body. The connector body includes a leading end having an exit bore, a trailing end, a cap, an inner bore, and one or more combination tangs including grounding tangs, locking tangs, and flanges extending radially outward from the connector body. According to one embodiment, the trailing end of the fitting includes a rolled edge, and the leading end includes a recessed lip for accommodating an insulating liner within the exit bore. The exit bore in the cap is offset to one side with cable retaining tangs on the fitting configured to push toward the exit bore in order to ease insertion of cables and conductors through the fitting. In a further embodiment, the fitting includes two combination tangs that are positioned 180 degrees apart radially on the fitting body to facilitate easier snap-in insertion into the knockout hole of an electrical box.

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/815,102, filed Mar. 11, 2020, which is still pending, which is continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/451,069, filed Jun. 25, 2019, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,630,030, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/991,726, filed May 29, 2018, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,374,371, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/648,567, filed Jul. 13, 2017, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,966,708, all of which applications have in common the same inventors and assignee of the present application and the entire contents of which are incorporated herein in their entirety by reference.

FIELD OF THE TECHNOLOGY

These inventions relate generally to one-piece electrical fittings for connecting electrical cables to junction boxes. In particular, these inventions relate to one-piece electrical fittings formed from a single sheet metal into a unitary, cylindrical body for securing electrical cables to junction boxes with snap-in, or otherwise known as quick-connect, features that eliminate the need for installation tools.

BACKGROUND

Quick-connect electrical fittings require production and secondary assembly of several components. The connector body is die-cast of metal, while separate parts are stamped of sheet metal and then secured to the connector body in a secondary assembly process. Die-casting is an expensive procedure that requires precision machinery, costly molds, and consumes a substantial amount of metal alloy. Making and assembling separate parts adds to these costs. A need therefore exists for one-piece electrical fittings that reduce production costs and eliminate secondary assembly processes. These one-piece electrical fittings must be capable of establishing and maintaining electrical continuity between electrical cables, the fittings, and junction boxes. Furthermore, these one-piece electrical fittings must have quick-connect structures at the leading end for connection to a junction box and at the trailing end for securing electrical cables as well as restricting rearward removal of the cables.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

To address the foregoing needs, Applicant has invented one-piece electrical fittings with a leading end and a trailing end formed from a single flat blank of metal. A locking arrangement of tabs and complementary grooves facilitates rolling the single blank into a cylindrical body. The tabs extend from a second edge of the single blank, and a first edge of the blank defines complementary grooves to receive and lock the tabs when the blank is rolled into a cylindrical body. A cap extends from the leading end of the blank by way of a hinge. The cap is bent over to form the leading end of the cylindrical connector body and hold it together through with a locking arrangement.

Several embodiments of the cap and locking arrangement are provided. According to one embodiment, a tab extends from the cap and engages a leading edge slot in the connector body. According to a further embodiment, one or more tabs extend from the connected body and are bent over notches in the outer periphery of the cap. The cap also includes a central opening and a lip that is rolled outwardly to form an arcuate shoulder. Alternatively, an insert with a smooth plastic throat is inserted into the opening.

One or more grounding and locking tangs extend radially outward from the circumference of the connector body. According to one embodiment, each grounding tang includes a flange and each locking tang includes a free end. According to a further embodiment, the locking tangs extend from an interior base of the grounding tangs. According to a further embodiment, flanges extend outwards from the connector body and are separate from the locking tangs and grounding tangs. According to a further embodiment, the grounding tangs, locking tangs, and flanges each extend separately from the connector body. One or more cable retaining tangs extend radially inward from the connector body into the inner bore.

According to yet another embodiment, a rolled edge at the trailing end of the fitting gives a smooth, broad pushing surface versus to make it easier for an installer to press the fitting into the knockout aperture of an electrical box.

The fitting further includes a recessed portion around the exit bore in the cap in order to better accommodate insertion of an insulating liner to prevent abrasion to insulated conductors that are fed through the fitting.

Furthermore, the exit bore in the cap is offset to one side and cable retaining tangs are configured to push toward the exit bore in order to ease insertion of cables and conductors through the fitting.

This embodiment features two combination tangs, including both locking tangs and grounding tangs that positioned 180 degrees that facilitate easier snap-in inserting into the knockout hole of an electrical box.

EXEMPLARY ADVANTAGES

The one-piece electrical fittings are formed from a single, unitary flat blank of metal. As a result, these one-piece electrical fittings substantially reduce production costs by eliminating the need for expensive and complex die-casting of the connector body, separate stamping of sheet metal into quick-connect parts for the leading and trailing ends, and subsequent assembly of all parts in secondary processes.

The one-piece electrical fittings further provide easy snap-in insertion of an electrical cable into a knockout of an electrical box, including easy snap-in insertion of an electrical cable at the trailing end of the fitting and easy snap-in insertion into the knockout at the leading end of the fitting. At the same time, the one-piece electrical fittings further provide strain relief to restrict rearward removal of the electrical cable from the fitting. As a result, the one-piece electrical fittings provide cost-effective and efficient means for installing electrical cables to junction boxes.

The one-piece electrical fittings do not require a separate split ring for connecting the fitting to the junction box. Nor do the one-piece electrical fittings require separate cable retaining rings or clips for securing electrical cables into the fitting.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is an isometric view of a one-piece electrical fitting according to one embodiment.

FIG. 2 is a plan view of a blank used to form the one-piece electrical fitting of FIG. 1.

FIG. 3 is an end view of a one-piece electrical fitting according to one embodiment.

FIG. 4 is an end view of the one-piece electrical fitting of FIG. 1.

FIG. 5 is a sectional view of the one-piece electrical fitting of FIG. 1 taken along line 5-5 of FIG. 4.

FIG. 6 is a plan view of an embodiment of a first cable retaining tang.

FIG. 7 is a side view of the first cable retaining tang of FIG. 6.

FIG. 8 is a plan view of an embodiment of a second cable retaining tang.

FIG. 9 is a side view of the second cable retaining tang of FIG. 8.

FIG. 10 is a plan view of an embodiment of a third cable retaining.

FIG. 11 is a side view of the third cable retaining tang of FIG. 10.

FIG. 12 is an isometric view of a one-piece electrical fitting as viewed from the trailing end according to one embodiment.

FIG. 13 is an isometric view of the one-piece electrical fitting of FIG. 1 as viewed from the leading end.

FIG. 14 is a sectional view of the one-piece electrical fitting of FIG. 1 taken along line 5-5 of FIG. 4 with the locking tang and window deleted to show the grounding tang.

FIG. 15 is an isometric view of a one-piece electrical fitting according to a second and preferred embodiment.

FIG. 16 is an isometric view of the one-piece electrical fitting of FIG. 15.

FIG. 17 is a plan view of a blank used to form a one-piece electrical fitting according to a third embodiment.

FIG. 17A is a sectional view of the blank taken along line 17A-17A of FIG. 17.

FIG. 17B is a sectional view of the blank taken along line 17B-17B of FIG. 17.

FIG. 18 is an isometric view of a one-piece electrical fitting according to the third embodiment as formed from the blank of FIG. 17.

FIG. 19 is a plan view of a blank used to form a one-piece electrical fitting according to a fourth embodiment.

FIG. 20 is an isometric view of a one-piece electrical fitting according to a fourth embodiment as formed from the blank of FIG. 19.

FIG. 21 is a plan view of a blank used to form a one-piece electrical fitting according to a fifth embodiment.

FIG. 22 is an end view from the trailing end of a one-piece electrical fitting according to a fifth embodiment as formed from the blank of FIG. 21.

FIG. 23 is a plan view of a blank used to form a one-piece electrical fitting according to a sixth embodiment.

FIG. 24 is an end view from the trailing end of a one-piece electrical fitting according to a sixth embodiment as formed from the blank of FIG. 23.

FIG. 25 is a sectional view of the leading end of a one-piece electrical fitting according to a further embodiment.

FIG. 26 is a sectional view of a tubular insert that forms a portion of the one-piece electrical fitting embodiment of FIG. 25.

FIG. 27 is a side view of the one-piece electrical fitting of FIG. 15.

FIG. 28 is a sectional view of the one-piece electrical fitting of FIG. 27 taken along line 28-28.

FIG. 29 is a sectional view of the one-piece electrical fitting of FIG. 27 taken along line 29-29.

FIG. 30 is an isometric view of the one-piece electrical fitting of FIG. 1 as viewed from the trailing end.

FIG. 31 is an isometric view of a one-piece electrical fitting according to an eighth and preferred embodiment.

FIG. 32 is a plan view of a blank used to form the one-piece electrical fitting of FIG. 31.

FIG. 33 is an end view of the one-piece electrical fitting of FIG. 31 from the leading end of the fitting.

FIG. 34 is an end view of the one-piece electrical fitting of FIG. 31 from the trailing end of the fitting.

FIG. 35 is a sectional view of the one-piece electrical fitting taken along line 35-35 of FIG. 33.

FIG. 36 is a side view of the one-piece electrical fitting, as viewed from the top of FIG. 31.

FIG. 37 is a side view of the one-piece electrical fitting, as viewed from the bottom of FIG. 31.

FIG. 38 is a sectional view of the one-piece electrical fitting taken along line 35-35 of FIG. 33 and showing an insert seated in the exit bore of the fitting.

INDEX TO REFERENCE NUMERALS IN DRAWINGS

-   -   20 one-piece electrical fitting     -   22 connector body of one-piece electrical fitting     -   24 leading end of the connector body     -   26 trailing end of the connector body     -   28 cap     -   30 locking tangs     -   32 grounding tangs     -   34 cable retaining tangs     -   36 blank     -   38 leading end of the blank     -   40 trailing end of the blank     -   41 slit defining grounding tangs     -   42 slit defining cable retaining tangs     -   44 slot defining locking tangs     -   46 parallel slots defining cable retaining tangs     -   48 projection forming cap     -   50 first edge of blank     -   52 second edge of blank     -   54 T-shaped slots     -   55 side channels of T-shaped slots     -   56 T-shaped tabs     -   57 side extensions of T-shaped tabs     -   58 leading edge slot of blank     -   59 longitudinal seam     -   60 hinge     -   62 main body portion of cap     -   64 opening     -   66 tab extending from the main body portion     -   67 outer ends of locking tangs and grounding tangs     -   68 free end of locking tangs     -   70 second bend-line of grounding tangs     -   72 lip of cap     -   74 arcuate shoulder     -   76 inner surface of lip     -   78 arm of cable retaining tangs     -   80 end portion of arm     -   81 angled end portion of cable retaining tangs 34 b and 34 c     -   82 major side of cable retaining tangs 34 b and 34 c     -   83 wall of connector body     -   84 open area at center of fitting     -   85 base of grounding tangs     -   86 end portion of grounding tangs     -   88 grounding flanges     -   89 inner bore     -   90 seat of grounding tangs     -   92 center axis of connector body     -   94 outer periphery of cap     -   95 base of locking tangs     -   96 base of cable retaining tangs     -   97 first leg extending from cap     -   98 second leg extending from cap     -   200 second and preferred embodiment of one-piece electrical         fitting     -   256 tabs at longitudinal seam     -   270 notches of cap     -   272 outer periphery of cap     -   283 tabs of connector body     -   300 third embodiment of one-piece electrical fitting     -   330 locking tangs     -   331 outer circumference of connector body     -   332 grounding tangs     -   338 flanges     -   370 notches of cap     -   383 tabs of connector body     -   390 seat     -   400 fourth embodiment of one-piece electrical fitting     -   430 locking tangs     -   432 grounding tangs     -   488 flanges     -   500 fifth embodiment of one-piece electrical fitting     -   502 cable retaining arrangement     -   534 cable retaining tang     -   536 two sides of cable retaining tang     -   538 slots forming two sides     -   540 blank     -   542 bifurcated end     -   544 slit in blank     -   546 base of cable retaining tang     -   548 slot dividing cable retaining tang     -   550 arms of cable retaining tang     -   552 bend-line of arms     -   556 flat wall portion of connector body     -   558 end portion of cable retaining tang     -   600 sixth embodiment of one-piece electrical fitting     -   634 cable retaining tangs     -   636 end portion of cable retaining tang     -   638 outer side of cable retaining tang     -   640 inner side of cable retaining tang     -   642 termination point of inner side of cable retaining tang     -   644 inner bore     -   646 wall of connector body     -   700 seventh embodiment of one-piece electrical fitting     -   728 cap     -   764 opening     -   766 tubular insert     -   770 leading flange of tubular insert     -   772 trailing flange of tubular insert     -   774 recess     -   776 throat of tubular insert     -   800 eighth embodiment of one-piece electrical fitting     -   802 rolled edge     -   803 recessed portion of cap     -   804 inner periphery of cap     -   805 edge of blank     -   806 lip     -   807 blank     -   808 edge tab     -   810 paired edge tabs     -   811 combination tang     -   812 edge slot     -   813 notch     -   814 central axis of fitting     -   815 central axis of opening or exit bore     -   816 offset of exit bore from central axis of fitting     -   818 narrow aspect of cap     -   820 wide aspect of cap     -   821 inner circumference of the connector body     -   822 inner circumference of the connector body

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

FIG. 1 shows a one-piece electrical fitting 20 according to a first embodiment. The one-piece electrical fitting 20 has a cylindrical connector body 22 with a leading end 24 and a trailing end 26. The leading end 24 is formed by a cap 28 that extends from the connector body 22 by way of a hinge 60. The shape of the cap 28 in this embodiment is shown as a truncated circle with an outer periphery 94 that corresponds to the circumference of the cylindrical connector body 22. The outer periphery 94 preferably forms a diameter of the cap 28 that is larger than the diameter of cylindrical connector body 22.

A tab 66 extends from cap 28 on a truncated side opposite from hinge 60. Tab 66 engages a leading edge slot 58 near the leading end 24 of the connector body 22 to hold the connector body together. The cap 28 further includes a central opening with an outwardly-rolled lip 72 to form an arcuate shoulder 74 on inner surface 76 (see FIG. 5). The arcuate shoulder 74 will provide a smooth surface for any electrical conductors (not shown) inserted through the cap 28, preventing cutting or abrasion of the insulating sheaths on the electrical conductors.

The one-piece electrical fitting 20 further includes one or more locking tangs 30 and one or more grounding tangs 32 extending radially outward from the connector body 22. In one embodiment, a locking tang 30 is part of an interior base of grounding tang 32. Grounding tangs 32 each include a grounding flange 88 extending further outward from the grounding tangs 32 at an angle that is substantially perpendicular to the connector body 22. During installation and operation, the grounding flange 88 stops forward advancement of the one-piece electrical fitting 20 into a junction box (not shown). Grounding tangs 32 also include a seat 90 between grounding flange 88 and the locking tangs 30. During operation, the seat 90 sits flush against and accommodates the inner periphery or inner wall of a knockout hole in a junction box (not shown). The one-piece electrical fitting 20 further includes one or more cable retaining tangs 34 extending radially inward from the connector body 22.

A longitudinal seam 59 runs from the trailing end 26 to the leading end 24 of the connector body 22. Two edges 50 and 52 are joined at this seam 59 through a flush, gap-free locking arrangement of tabs 56 extending from the second edge 50 and corresponding slots or grooves 54 in the first edge 52. In one embodiment, the tabs 56 and grooves 54 are T-shaped, as shown in FIG. 1. The one-piece electrical fitting 20 is held together by way of the locking arrangement of the tabs 56 and grooves 54 in combination with the cap 28, which is in locking engagement with the connector body 22.

Referring to FIG. 2, the one-piece electrical fitting 20 is formed from a single blank 36 constructed preferably of metal and rolled into a cylindrical shape in a forming operation. The blank 36 is formed from a flat metal sheet and includes a leading end 38 and a trailing end 40. The blank's leading end 38 along with the cap 28 will form the connector body's leading end 24, while the blank's trailing end 40 will form the connector body's trailing end 26. The overall shape and portions of the blank are removed in a metal-stamping operation to form features in the eventual connector body 22.

The blank 36 includes a first edge 50 and a second edge 52. First edge 50 includes two T-shaped slots or grooves 54 and the second edge 52 includes two complementary T-shaped tabs 56 which will extend into the T-shaped grooves when the blank is rolled into a cylindrical shape in a forming operation. T-shaped slots 54 include side channels 55 and T-shaped tabs 56 include side extensions 57. The blank 36 further includes a leading edge slot 58 that is substantially parallel with the leading end 38. As shown in FIG. 1, the two edges 50 and 52 of the fitting form a flush, gap-free connection along the longitudinal seam 59 of the connector body 22.

A projection 48 from the leading end 38 will form the cap 28. The cap 28 projects from the blank 36 by way of the hinge 60. As described with reference to FIG. 1, the cap 28 has a circular shape with a main body portion 62 truncated at two opposing sides. The hinge 60 connects to one truncated side of the cap 28, while tab 66 extends from a different truncated side. The cap 28 further has an opening 64 in its center.

As further shown in FIG. 2, slits 41 are formed to define the grounding tangs 32. Slits 42 are formed to define the cable retaining tangs 34. U-shaped slots 44 are formed to define the locking tangs 30. A series of paired parallel slots 46 a, 46 b, and 46 c are formed to define a plurality of cable retaining tangs 34 a, 34 b, and 34 c. Preferably, paired parallel slots 46 a are parallel with first edge 50 and second edge 52, paired parallel slots 46 b are sloped toward the second edge 52, and paired parallel slots 46 c are sloped away from the second edge 52. The projection 48 includes a hinge 60 extending from the leading end 38, a main body portion 62, an opening 64, and a tab 66.

After the blank 36 is stamped out, the locking tangs 30 and grounding tangs 32 are bent out of the plane of the blank 36 such that they extend radially outward from the cylindrical connector body 22 once the blank 36 has been rolled into the one-piece electrical fitting 20. The cable retaining tangs 34 a, 34 b, and 34 c are bent out of the plane of the blank 36 such that they extend radially inward from the connector body 22 once the blank 36 has been rolled into the one-piece electrical fitting 20.

As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the blank is then rolled into a cylindrical shape to form the connector body 22, with the cable retaining tangs 34 a, 34 b, and 34 c extending radially inward of the connector body 22. The cable retaining tangs 34 b and 34 c each include a major side 82 and are slanted in opposing directions with respect to tang 34 a. The cable retaining tangs 34 a, 34 b, and 34 c in combination will direct an electrical cable (not shown) inserted into the electrical fitting 20 toward the open area 84 at the center of the fitting 20 and will securely engage and hold the cable between the cable retaining tangs 34 a, 34 b, and 34 c and the wall 83 of the connector body.

The locking tangs 30 and grounding tangs 32 extending radially outward of the tubular connector body 22. Laterally across the connector body, the outer ends 67 of locking tangs 30 and grounding tangs 32 are arcuate in shape, as shown in FIG. 4. Locking tangs 30 each include a base 95 at its connection to the wall 83 and each of the cable retaining tangs include a base 96 at their respective connections to the wall 83. Preferably at least one locking tang 30 is offset angularly by angle θ3 from the cable retaining tang 34 c. Thus, at least one locking tang 30 is not in longitudinal alignment with a cable retaining tang 34 b along the connector body 22. Preferably two locking tangs 30 are offset radially from the cable retaining tangs 34 with respect to the axial center 92 of the connector body 22.

With reference to FIG. 5, tab 66 of cap 28 extends into and engages leading edge slot 58 to hold the connector body 22 together. The locking tangs 30 are bent radially outward from the connector body 22. The locking tangs 30 include free ends 68 that are flat in cross-section and oriented toward the trailing end 26 of the connector body 22. The grounding tangs 32 are also bent radially outward from the connector body 22, oriented toward the trailing end 26 of the connector body 22, and include a second bend-line 70. The locking tangs 30 and the grounding tangs 32 extend at different angles outward from the connector body 22. The grounding flanges 88 extend from the grounding tangs 32 at yet another angle, which is in this embodiment substantially perpendicular to the wall 83 of the connector body 22.

The cap 28 includes a lip 72 that is rolled outwardly to provide an arcuate shoulder 74 on its inner surface 76. The arcuate shoulder 74 provides a smooth surface for any electrical conductors (not shown) that are inserted through the opening in the cap 28, preventing any potential cutting or abrasion of the insulating sheaths on the electrical conductors. Tab 66 is engaged with leading edge slot 58. The connector body 22 includes a substantially constant diameter D1 from leading end 24 to trailing end 26.

The cable retaining tangs, of which 34 b is visible in FIG. 5, are oriented toward the leading end 24 of the connector body 22. Referring to FIGS. 6-11, each cable retaining tang 34 a, 34 b, and 34 c includes an arm 78 extending inward from the connector body 22 and an end portion 80, with the arm 78 bent at a first angle θ1 with respect to the connector body and the end portion 80 bent at a second angle θ2 with respect to the connector body 22. As shown in FIG. 6, cable retaining tang 34 a terminates in a flat end portion 80. As shown in FIGS. 8 and 10, cable retaining tangs 34 b and 34 c terminate in an angled end portion 81, respectively. The angled end portions 81 are slanted in opposing directions, as shown in FIG. 12.

As shown in FIG. 13, locking tangs 30 extend from the interior of the base 85 of the grounding tangs 32. A seat 90 extends between the end of each locking tang 30 and the flange 88 of each grounding tang 32. When the one-piece electrical fitting 20 is inserted within a junction box (not shown), locking tangs 30 will depress and snap outwards after the wall of the junction box has cleared the locking tangs. When pressing the electrical fitting 20 within a knockout aperture (not shown), the locking tangs 30 will flex inward until the locking tangs have cleared the junction box wall (not shown), after which the locking tangs will snap outward to their unbiased positions.

Flange 88 will stop forward advancement of the one-piece electrical fitting 20 into the junction box. Locking tangs 30 and flanges 88 of grounding tangs 32 will then retain the inner periphery or wall of the knockout aperture in the seat 90. The one-piece metal construction of the electrical fitting 20, and the pressure exerted by the resilient locking tangs and the grounding tangs, provide good electrical continuity or grounding between the one-piece electrical fitting 20 and the junction box. Likewise, the one-piece metal construction of the electrical fitting 20, and the pressure exerted by the cable retaining tangs 34 a, 34 b, and 34 c, provide good electrical continuity or grounding between the one-piece electrical fitting 20 and the inserted electrical cable. Furthermore, the locking tangs 30 and grounding tangs 32 will hold the one-piece electrical fitting 20 firmly to the junction box, while the cable retaining tangs 34 a, 34 b, and 34 c will hold an electrical cable securely in the one-piece electrical fitting 20 and junction box. The bent arms 78 in combination with the end portions 80 and 81 of the cable retaining tangs 34 further act to restrict rearward withdrawal of inserted electrical cables. At the same time, the cable retaining tangs 34 also guide the electrical cables (not shown) to the connector body's leading end 24 and through the open area 84 of the cap 28.

Referring to FIG. 14, the connector body 22 is preferably of constant thickness and bore 89 is preferably of constant diameter from leading end 24 to trailing end 26. Opening 64 in cap 28 is substantially coaxial with center axis 92 of connector body 22. Tab 66 of cap 28 includes a first leg 97 extending substantially perpendicular from the cap 28 and a second leg 98 that is substantially parallel to the cap 28. As shown in FIG. 1, the blank that forms the connector body 22 is rolled into a complete cylindrical shape with no gap between the two edges 50 and 52 of the blank 36. Thus, the one-piece electrical fitting 20 is not a compressible fitting and avoids the inclusion of a split ring on the leading edge as used in other quick-connect fittings. The cap 28 includes an outer periphery 94 that is preferably of larger diameter than the outside diameter of the wall 83 of the connector body. Therefore, a portion of cap 28 overlaps the connector body wall 83.

FIGS. 15 and 16 show another and preferred embodiment of a one-piece electrical fitting 200. Similar to the first embodiment 20, the one-piece electrical fitting 200 includes a one-piece cylindrical connector body 22, a longitudinal seam 59 at the joinder of two edges 50 and 52 of the connector body 22, and a cap 28. The two edges 50 and 52 of the body 22 are locked together by a dovetail tab 256 on the second edge 52 and a dovetail groove 254 on the first edge 50. The two edges 50 and 52 are joined in a flush, gap-free fit.

While dovetail tabs 256 and dovetail grooves 254 are shown in FIGS. 15 and 16, it will be appreciated that other shapes of tabs and corresponding grooves may be employed. This includes, for instance, T-shaped configurations—such as those shown in FIGS. 1 and 30, circular tabs with corresponding and circular grooves, or tabs in other geometric shapes with corresponding grooves. In another alternative arrangement, the two edges 50 and 52 may be connected by way of a hinged tab inserted into a slot.

Cap 28 extends from the connector body 22 by way of the hinge 60. The cap 28 further includes two notches 270 on its other periphery 272. Two tabs 283 extend from the connector body 22 and are bent over the cap 28 at the notches 270 to lock the cap to the connector body. In this embodiment, the cap 28 is substantially circular and does not have a tab 66. Nor does the connector body 22 have a leading edge slot 58 that is engaged by tab 66.

As shown in FIG. 27, longitudinal seam 59 runs from the trailing end 26 to the leading end 24. The tabs 256 at the longitudinal seam 59 match the radius of the cylindrical connector body 22 and the tabs 256 are flush with the outer surface (see FIG. 15) and the inner surface (see FIG. 30) of the connector body 22. Similar to the first embodiment, one or more grounding tangs 32 extend at different angles radially outward from the connector body 22. Locking tangs 30 extend from the interior of the base 85 of the grounding tangs 32. Grounding tangs 32 include a grounding flange 88 extending outward at another angle substantially perpendicular to the connector body 22, or parallel to the cap 28.

As shown in FIGS. 28-30, one or more cable retaining tangs 34 extend radially inward from the connector body 22 into the bore in the same configuration as that described with respect to the first embodiment. The locking tangs 30 and grounding tangs 32 also similarly have outer ends with arcuate edges.

FIGS. 17 and 18 show another embodiment of a one-piece electrical fitting 300. The locking tangs 330 are separate from the grounding tangs 332 and are spaced apart on the outer circumference 331 of the connector body 22. One or more flanges 388 are separate from the grounding tang 332. The flanges 388 are spaced around the outer circumference of the connector body 22. Each flange 388 is aligned longitudinally with a corresponding locking tang 330.

A seat 390 is included on the outer circumference of the connector body 22 between each locking tang 330 and its longitudinally aligned flange 388. Similar to the second embodiment, two tabs 383 on the connector body 22 are bent over the cap 28 at notches 370 to lock the cap to the connector body. The tabs 383 do not extend beyond the outer circumference 331 of the connector body 22. The one-piece electrical fitting 300 is formed from a single piece of sheet metal with corresponding features as shown in FIG. 17.

FIGS. 19 and 20 show another embodiment of a one-piece electrical fitting 400. It includes a combination of locking and grounding tangs, with the locking tangs 430 extending from the interior base of the grounding tang 432. One or more separate Flanges 488 extend from the connector body 22 and are offset from the locking tangs 430 around the circumference of the connector body 22. When the electrical fitting 400 is installed in a knockout in an electrical box, the flanges 488 will stop the insertion of the connector body into the knockout. The one-piece electrical fitting 400 is formed from a single piece of sheet metal with corresponding features as shown in FIG. 19.

FIGS. 21 and 22 show another embodiment of a one-piece electrical fitting 500. In this embodiment, a cable retaining arrangement 502 is formed from a single cable retaining tang 534 bent inward from the connector body 22. The cable retaining tang 534 includes two sides 536 formed by two long slots 538 in the blank 540 and a bifurcated end 542 formed by a slit 544 in the blank. The cable retaining tang 534 further includes a base 546, a slot 548 formed by slit 544 dividing the cable retaining tang into two arms 550, and a bend-line 552 on each arm 550. The cable retaining tang 534 extends from a flat wall portion 556 of the connector body 22. The bend lines for each arm 550 are offset at different distances from the flat wall portion 556. Each arm 550 of the cable retaining tang 534 includes an end portion 558.

FIGS. 23 and 24 show another embodiment of a one-piece electrical fitting 600. In this embodiment, two cable retaining tangs 634 extend inward from the connector body 22. The cable retaining tangs 634 each include an end portion 636, an inner side 638, and an outer side 640. The cable retaining tangs 634 extend inward from the connector body 22 at a first angle, while the end portions 636 extend from the cable retaining tangs 634 at a second angle. The inner sides 638 terminate in a point 642. The points 642 of the cable retaining tangs 634 engage one another in the inner bore 644 of the connector body 22. When electrical fitting 600 is connected to a junction box (not shown) and an electrical cable is inserted into the trailing end of the fitting, the cable retaining tangs 634 force the inserted cable against the far wall 646 of the connector body 22 and thus effect good electrical continuity or grounding of the electrical cable to the fitting and of the fitting to the junction box.

FIGS. 25 and 26 show another embodiment of a one-piece electrical fitting 700. In the embodiment, the connector body 22 includes a cap 728 with an opening 764. A tubular insert 766 is inserted into the opening 764 and functions to provide a smooth, non-abrasive surface to protect the insulation of any conductors that are later inserted through the fitting and through the opening into a junction box (not shown). Outer circumference of insert 766 includes a leading flange 770 and a trailing flange 772 defining a recess 774 for accommodating the cap 728. Insert 766 further includes a throat 776 and is preferably constructed of plastic.

With reference to FIG. 31, an eighth and preferred embodiment of the one-piece electrical fitting 800 includes a connector body 22 with a cap 28 on the leading end 24 of the fitting and a rolled edge 802 on the trailing end 26 of the fitting. The cap 28 includes an opening 64 therein. A recessed portion 803 extends around the inner periphery 804 of the cap surrounding the opening 64. The recessed portion 803 provides a lip 806 for mounting a plastic insert (not shown) therein. A portion of the trailing end is rolled outward to form a rolled edge 802 on the trailing end of the connector body 22 (see FIG. 35), thus creating a broader surface on the trailing end 26 to provide a better surface to assist manual insertion of the fitting into the knock-out of a junction box by pressing from the trailing end.

Referring to FIG. 32, the one-piece electrical fitting of FIG. 31 is formed from a single blank 807 constructed preferably of metal and rolled into a cylindrical shape in a forming operation. The blank 36 is formed from a flat metal sheet and includes a leading end 38 and a trailing end 40. The overall shape and portions of the blank are removed in a metal-stamping operation to form features in the eventual connector body. The blank includes edges 805 with edge tabs 808 and paired edge tabs 810 on a first edge locking into complementary edge slots 812 on the opposing edge in order to lock the flat blank into a cylindrical body portion. The blank 807 will be rolled into a cylindrical shape to form the fitting with opposing edges 805 of the blank fitting together with the edges 805 in a flush fit and edge tabs 808 and paired edge tabs 810 interlocked into edge slots 812. A notch 813 on the trailing end 38 is in longitudinal alignment with tab 66 and enables tab 66, after the cylindrical fitting body is formed, to be bent over the leading end of the cylindrical body at the notch 813. As shown in FIG. 33, two combination tangs 811 including locking tangs 30 and grounding tangs 32 are positioned 180 degrees apart radially on the fitting body to facilitate easier snap-in insertion into the knockout hole of an electrical box.

With reference to FIG. 35, the one piece electrical fitting 800 includes a central axis 814 of fitting and a central axis 815 of the opening or exit bore 64. The central axis 815 of the exit bore 64 is offset by distance 816 from the central axis 814 of the fitting. The offset of the exit bore 64 creates a narrow aspect 818 and a wide aspect 820 of the cap 28 such that the exit bore 64 is offset to one side of the cap 28. When a cable (not shown) is later inserted into the fitting at the trailing end, the cable retaining tangs 34, one of which is visible in FIG. 35 push or direct a cable toward the exit bore 64 and toward the narrow aspect 818 side of the cap 28.

Referring to FIG. 38, electrical fitting 800 is shown with a tubular insert 766, which is press fitted into the exit bore of the fitting and will function as an insulating liner when installing electrical wiring through the fitting. The insert 766 seats within the exit bore 64 and snap fits onto the lip 806 on the recessed portion 803 of the connector body 22. The insert is most preferably formed of an elastomeric material, such as plastic, which will provide a non-abrasive throat in the exit bore to prevent abrasion of wiring conductors that are inserted through the exit bore during installation of the electrical fitting. The rolled edge 802 is rolled from the inner circumference 821 of the connector body 22 to the outer circumference 822 of the connector body.

The present one-piece electrical fittings offer advantages over other quick-connect fitting in several ways, including that they are easier to manufacture and may be manufactured at a lower unit cost. As described hereinabove, the one-piece electrical fittings may be stamped from a flat piece of metal and formed into a cylindrical shape with the tangs bent in their respective direction and the cap bent over to form the leading end of the fitting.

Several types of electrical cable and conduit can be connected to a junction box with these one-piece electrical fittings, including MC/HCF steel or aluminum cable, AC/HCF steel or aluminum cable, flexible metal conduit steel and aluminum, including both regular and reduced wall thickness, and MC cable continuous corrugated aluminum. Although the description above contains many specific descriptions, materials, and dimensions, these should not be construed as limiting the scope of the inventions, but as merely providing illustrations of some embodiments. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A one-piece electrical fitting, comprising: a tubular connector body having a leading end, a trailing end, and a bore; a locking tang and a grounding tang extending outwardly from the tubular connector body; a cable retaining tang extending inwardly from the tubular connector body; a cap including an exit bore; a central axis of the exit bore is offset a central axis of the fitting; and the cable retaining tang of the fitting pushes or directs a cable toward the exit bore.
 2. The one-piece electrical fitting of claim 1, comprising: a recessed portion on the cap; and a lip extending inward from the recessed portion of the cap to the exit bore.
 3. The one-piece electrical fitting of claim 2, comprising: a tubular insert seated on the lip and within the exit bore of the fitting; and said lip recessing said tubular insert within said leading end of said fitting.
 4. The one-piece electrical fitting of claim 1, comprising a notch on the trailing end of the connector body.
 5. The one-piece electrical fitting of claim 4, comprising: a tab on the leading end of the connector body; and said tab is bent over the leading end of the connector body at the notch
 6. A one-piece electrical fitting, comprising: a tubular connector body having a leading end, a trailing end, an outer circumference, and a bore; one or more combination tangs extending outwardly from the tubular connector body; said combination tangs including at least one locking tang and one grounding tang; one or more cable retaining tangs extending inwardly from the tubular connector body; a cap at the leading end; a longitudinal seam including two joined edges; a first of said edges including edge tabs and paired edge tabs; a second of said edges including slots for accepting said edge tabs; and the joined edges are locked flush together in a gap-free locking arrangement of edge tabs extending into corresponding slots.
 7. The one-piece electrical fitting of claim 6, comprising a rolled edge on said trailing end of said connector body.
 8. The one-piece electrical fitting of claim 6, comprising a notch on the trailing end of the connector body.
 9. The one-piece electrical fitting of claim 8, comprising: a tab on the leading end of the connector body; and said tab is bent over the leading end of the connector body at the notch.
 10. A one-piece electrical fitting, comprising: a tubular connector body having a leading end, and a trailing end; a hinge extending between said leading end of said tubular connector body and a cap at said leading end; said cap including an exit bore at said leading end; a recessed lip at said leading end of said connector body; a tubular insert in said exit bore; a central axis on the fitting and a central axis on the exit bore, and said central axis of said exit bore is offset from said central axis of said fitting.
 11. The one-piece electrical fitting of claim 10, comprising: one or more cable retaining tangs extending inwardly from the tubular connector body; and said one or more cable retaining tangs of the fitting push or direct a cable toward the exit bore.
 12. The one-piece electrical fitting of claim 10, comprising: two combination tangs extending outwardly from the tubular connector body; and said combination tangs are arranged 180° apart on the outer circumference of the connector body.
 13. The one-piece electrical fitting of claim 10, comprising a rolled edge on said trailing end of said connector body.
 14. The one-piece electrical fitting of claim 13, wherein said rolled edge is rolled from the inner circumference of the connector body to the outer circumference of the connector body.
 15. The one-piece electrical fitting of claim 10, wherein the cap includes a narrow aspect and a wide aspect.
 16. The one-piece electrical fitting of claim 12 further comprising at least one locking tang and one grounding tang on said combination tang.
 17. The one-piece electrical fitting of claim 16 further comprising: a flange on said combination tang; and a seat between said flange and said locking tang. 